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LEILA HOUSTON

Corona Viewed From Maslow’s Hierarchy of NeedsWhy a public health crisis supersedes all else

6/11/2020

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Glenn Geher, Ph.D., is professor of psychology at the State University of New York at New Paltz. He is founding director of the campus’ Evolutionary Studies (EvoS) program.
Online:
 Dr. Glenn Geher's website at SUNY New Paltz,

www.psychologytoday.com/gb/blog/darwins-subterranean-world/202003/corona-viewed-maslow-s-hierarchy-needs

Imagine this: You’re on vacation and are about to take a swim in the warm waters of the Atlantic Ocean off the coast of southern Florida. You check your phone right before you head to the water, only to find some pretty upsetting news:
You just received an email from your supervisor indicating that you’ve been passed over for the promotion to Director. Worse, one of your not-so-favorite colleagues, Ted, who has stabbed you in the back every chance he’s gotten for years, apparently got the position. 
You shake your head and put your phone down. What a blow to your self-esteem. Uggh. You cannot believe it!
Well, you’ve paid all this money to come to Florida so you might as well make the most of it. With your tail slightly between your legs, you walk to the water and dive into a nice-sized wave. The water is warm and you’re in. That email, of course, still smarts …
Suddenly, to your surprise, you find yourself smashed by a huge wave. You are actually fully submerged and scared. You can’t seem to touch the ocean bottom and you are having a hard time breathing and, for a moment, you can’t figure out which way is up. This is downright frightening!
After about 20 seconds (which seems like an hour), you find your footing, get your head above the water, and you realize you’re going to be OK. Thank goodness.
But for that 20-second bit of time, you were petrified. And for that whole while, the disappointing news of your having been passed over for the promotion had completely escaped your mind.
 
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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In 1943, iconic psychologist Abraham Maslow presented a theory of human motivation that was so elegant that it has, for decades, been met with strong acceptance and praise. The basic idea of Maslow’s model is well-conceptualized if you think of a pyramid with five levels.
The levels represent five categories of needs, with “higher” needs being dependent on the satisfaction of “lower” needs. Thus, based on this model, if your “lower” needs are not met, then you’re not in a position to work on fulfilling your “higher” needs.
​

These needs, starting with “the highest” on the pyramid, are as follows:
Self-Actualization: The need to become the best version of yourself that you can be.
Esteem: The need to genuinely appreciate and respect oneself.
Love and Belonging
: The need to feel fully and unconditionally supported by someone else, and the need to provide such support and love to another.
Safety: The need to feel physically and emotionally safe from harm and genuine threats.
Physiological
:
Needs that are biologically basic, such as the need for water, food, or air.
In the fictitious example provided above, you went from being someone who was worried about esteem needs (based on that unfortunate email about your not getting the Director position) to suddenly being flooded, literally, with a physiological need: the ability to breathe. As predicted by Maslow’s model, if your primary needs are lower on the pyramid, then you find yourself less focused on needs that are higher on the pyramid. In short: If you’re drowning, you’re not worrying too much about being passed over for a promotion ...
Corona and Maslow’s Hierarchy
If you’re like most readers of Psychology Today, then you likely have most of your physiological needs met. After all, if you’ve got no food or water, what business do you have reading a blog post?
In terms of Maslow’s hierarchy, most normal adults can be thought of as working, generally, on the upper parts of the pyramid. Trying to figure out love needs (such as trying to re-ignite a long-term romantic relationship), taking steps to advance your esteem needs (by, perhaps, applying for leadership positions within your organization), and/or trying to achieve that elusive state of self-actualization (perhaps by meditating, doing yoga, or going on retreats in the mountains, for instance).
But the coronavirus situation, a worldwide pandemic, has knocked many of us, regardless of where we may have been “on the pyramid” just a few weeks ago, to the bottom of the pyramid.
As Andrew Cuomo, governor of New York, said in a statement that was released earlier this week:
I understand that this is a burden to businesses. ... There is going to be an impact on the economy, not just here in New York but all across the country, and we're going to have to deal with that crisis, but let's deal with one crisis at a time. Let's deal with the crisis at hand and the crisis at hand is a public health crisis.
Put in terms of Maslow’s hierarchy: While the fiscal fallout of the corona pandemic will be nothing short of enormous, that must take a back seat to the more imminent health crisis that we are facing as a broader community.
We can’t worry about higher-level needs when we’ve got physiological and safety needs that need to be addressed. 

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Abraham Maslow’s ‘Hierarchy of Needs’ Becomes Even More Relevant in the Era of COVID-19

6/11/2020

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interesting essey ive found online by Parmveer Singh who is an Assistant Professor of Extension Education at Khalsa College Amritsar in India. 

 
see link
www.psychreg.org/hierarchy-of-needs-covid-19/
singh s profile ​https://www.psychreg.org/parmveer-singh/

​Parmveer Singh
​
Published on: 08 April 2020
Last updated on: 06 May 2020

The fear of COVID-19 infection has penetrated all over the world. This pandemic is jeopardising in every area of life such as psychological, physical, social, financial etc. Globally, governments have announced lockdowns to prevent further outbreaks of COVID-19. 

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The World Health Organization has issued specific guidelines related to symptomatology and prevention (such as wash hands frequently, maintain social distancing, avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth, practice respiratory hygiene, seek medical care early, stay informed and follow advice by healthcare providers).

All the educational and religious institutions, restaurants, clubs, theatres, parks, and the transportation system is at rest to cease the public gathering. People are expected to remain inside their houses, to support social distancing and to adopt precautionary measures to the maximum.
Still, it is not absolutely followed. The question arises whether people do not understand the concept of social distancing or there is an unavoidable precursor behind such tendency. The way the coronavirus is spreading is threatening and demands taking maximum precautions possible. 

It is perhaps useful to understand the motivating factors, which may be impacting people’s reluctance to follow social distancing measures. This may help elucidate why people are risking their lives, and ignoring the nature of coronavirus.

We need to understand the theoretical association between Abraham Maslow’s theory of needs and the anxiety of COVID19 in unprecedented times. 
The well-known theory of Maslow’s theory of human needs fits well in the context of COVID-19 as he quoted in his theory that human needs are hierarchical arranged and supersedes the others when ones are satisfied. Maslow categorised needs such as physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualisation. 
The risk of life and its comprehension differ variably upon the individual’s age, personality traits, immunity, adoption of precautionary measures, environmental factors. It is interesting to ascertain (empirically) that to fulfil what kind of needs, an individual takes the risk of life and of what extent during such extreme conditions. It can also support to understand that to fulfil such needs, an individual can break the rules of protection. The unmet needs for self at a primary level might be the limiting factor towards the global crisis, even, people led to ignore government and health providers’ instructions. 

Classification of needs Maslow theory of needs Lower order needs Physiological needs 
Safety and security needs
Higher order needs Belongingness and love
Esteem needs 
Self-actualisation 

The basic physiological needs are the lowest and fundamental for the survival of individuals. In this case, these needs seem to be overlapping with safety and security needs. Such needs usually emerge from deprivation and the absence of which develops a sense of anxiety and stress. It can be attributed to the idea that people may think an empty stomach (without food, water, and other routine essentials during lockdown) would take their life away before the coronavirus.

The panic buying of bulk grocery and toilet papers are noteworthy examples. The hoarding of such items highlights the perceived unpredictability of the future about the availability of such goods. To have these articles, people still step out of their homes to buy and attempt to endanger their lives at the cost of their living, until these items are procured. Therefore, people tend to satisfy their elementary needs at any price, despite being aware of the hard reality of coronavirus. 

Safety needs, in the case of COVID19 can be referred as to sense of being protected and safe to avoid the infection of corona virus. It includes need for the clean living area, masks, hand sanitisers, maintaining social distancing and toilet papers are safety needs for people to help them safe from COVID19. 

The need of belongingness and love: Diminishing the fear of COVID-19, there may be people whose dear ones are away from family members may produce some degree of fearfulness than those who are together in these exceptional circumstances. The needs of belonging to family, friends and relatives lower anxiety and fearfulness. The emotional needs requirements are satisfied via offline and online mediums of remaining in touch with near and dear ones. The regular contact with family members and friends escapes the feeling of anxiety, stress and fear.

The fourth level is esteem needs. These needs are two types internal (such as self-satisfaction) and external esteem (public acclaim) needs.  Individuals tend to gain satisfaction, recognition and acquire status. Once the individuals attain the first three needs, afterwards only, they would be encouraged to reach and achieve these needs. This time, the individuals are working from home, doing and submitting, presenting work online, reporting to officials, writing down needful, making video-conferencing.

For an instance, many people upload videos and photographs on social media while donating to people in crisis. It is always controversial whether they satisfy internal needs or external needs by doing so. Thus, they contribute to society in a possible capacity.

The highest stage is self-actualisation. The urge to help the community, services provided by the front line workers (e.g. medical fraternity, police officers, etc.) to support people in the maximum possible ways. Through such efforts, they reflect reaching the highest state of human needs – self-actualisation. These people endanger life in the jeopardising circumstances to giving their best services to save the life of many people.  
​

ConclusionThis theory has also relevance during pandemic to understand the hierarchy of needs. Yet, it is to be tested on a sample of population in different regions and its association with fear of COVID19 can be determined. That will be suitable to suggest ways of satisfying human needs during traumatic conditions so that people are not encouraged to take perils of life.
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    Leila Houston

    Leila Houston (London, 1977) is a visual artist whose work investigates the social, political and historical aspects of a place.

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